Reviews and Syntheses: Ocean acidification and its potential impacts on marine ecosystems

海洋酸化 溶解有机碳 海水 环境化学 生态系统 环境科学 海洋生态系统 硝化作用 硝酸盐 海洋学 生态学 化学 生物 氮气 地质学 有机化学
作者
Khan M. G. Mostofa,Cong-Qiang Liu,Weidong Zhai,Marco Minella,Davide Vione,Kunshan Gao,Daisuke Minakata,Takemitsu Arakaki,Takahito Yoshioka,Kazuhide Hayakawa,Eiichi Konohira,Eiichiro Tanoue,Anirban Akhand,Abhra Chanda,Baoli Wang,Hiroshi Sakugawa
出处
期刊:Biogeosciences 卷期号:13 (6): 1767-1786 被引量:103
标识
DOI:10.5194/bg-13-1767-2016
摘要

Abstract. Ocean acidification, a complex phenomenon that lowers seawater pH, is the net outcome of several contributions. They include the dissolution of increasing atmospheric CO2 that adds up with dissolved inorganic carbon (dissolved CO2, H2CO3, HCO3−, and CO32−) generated upon mineralization of primary producers (PP) and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The aquatic processes leading to inorganic carbon are substantially affected by increased DOM and nutrients via terrestrial runoff, acidic rainfall, increased PP and algal blooms, nitrification, denitrification, sulfate reduction, global warming (GW), and by atmospheric CO2 itself through enhanced photosynthesis. They are consecutively associated with enhanced ocean acidification, hypoxia in acidified deeper seawater, pathogens, algal toxins, oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species, and thermal stress caused by longer stratification periods as an effect of GW. We discuss the mechanistic insights into the aforementioned processes and pH changes, with particular focus on processes taking place with different timescales (including the diurnal one) in surface and subsurface seawater. This review also discusses these collective influences to assess their potential detrimental effects to marine organisms, and of ecosystem processes and services. Our review of the effects operating in synergy with ocean acidification will provide a broad insight into the potential impact of acidification itself on biological processes. The foreseen danger to marine organisms by acidification is in fact expected to be amplified by several concurrent and interacting phenomena.
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