Desalination via a new membrane capacitive deionization process utilizing flow-electrodes

A capacitive deionization process utilizing flow-electrodes (FCDI) was designed and evaluated for use in seawater desalination. The FCDI cell exhibited excellent removal efficiency (95%) with respect to an aqueous NaCl solution (salt concentration: 32.1 g L−1), demonstrating that the FCDI process could effectively overcome the limitations of typical CDI processes.