Plastic radii and longitudinal deformation profiles of tunnels excavated in strain-softening rock masses

Abstract We describe techniques to estimate plastic radii and longitudinal deformation profiles of tunnels excavated in rock masses. The longitudinal deformation profile, a graph that relates a fictitious internal pressure to the distance to the tunnel face, is necessary to assess adequate distance to the face for the purpose of installing support. Traditional application of this method usually relies on an elastic representation of the longitudinal deformation profile. A more realistic approach has been proposed recently that accounts for the elastoplastic nature of rock masses. It is based, however, on assuming elastic–perfectly plastic rock mass behaviour, an assumption which is more or less realistic, but only for low quality rock masses with a geological strength index (GSI) below 35. We extend this approach to the case of strain-softening rock masses representing a wider range of rock masses (25