Photosynthetic capacity, canopy size and rooting depth mediate response to heat and water stress of annual and perennial grain crops

环境科学 多年生植物 农学 天蓬 蒸腾作用 叶面积指数 用水效率 蒸散量 气孔导度 土壤水分 生长季节 光合作用 光合能力 灌溉 生物 生态学 土壤科学 植物
作者
Giulia Vico,Fiona H. M. Tang,Nathaniel A. Brunsell,Timothy E. Crews,Gabriel G. Katul
出处
期刊:Agricultural and Forest Meteorology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:341: 109666-109666 被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.agrformet.2023.109666
摘要

Perennial grain crops are promoted as an alternative to annual staple crops to reduce negative environmental effects of agriculture and support a variety of ecosystem services. While perennial grains have undergone extensive testing, their vulnerability to projected future warmer and drier growing conditions remains unclear. To fill this gap, we compared leaf temperature and gas exchange rates of annual wheat and different perennial wheat ideotypes using a multi-layer process-based eco-hydrological model. The model combines leaf-level gas exchange, optimality principles regulating stomatal conductance, energy balance, radiative and momentum transfer inside the canopy, as well as soil water balance. Wheat ideotypes are parameterized based on an extensive review of field data. When compared with annual wheat, perennial wheat ideotypes with high leaf area index had between 12% and 39% higher canopy transpiration and net CO2 assimilation, depending on their photosynthetic capacity and water status. Differences in leaf temperature and instantaneous water use efficiency between annual wheat and the perennial ideotypes were moderate (-0.5 to +0.4 °C and -6 to +2%, respectively). Low soil water availability did not alter the ranking of ideotypes in terms of canopy temperature and gas exchanges. During a prolonged dry down, cumulated water use was higher and canopy temperature lower in perennial than annual ideotypes, thanks to the deeper roots, whereas cumulated net CO2 fixation depended on the specific traits and air temperature. Leaf-specific and whole plant characteristics interacted with hydro-meteorological conditions in defining the perennial's vulnerability envelopes to potential heat and water stress. These findings underline the importance of plant characteristics, and particularly leaf area and rooting depth, in defining the suitability of perennial grain crops under future climates.
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