The impact of rice-crayfish field on socio-ecological system in traditional farming areas: Implications for sustainable agricultural landscape transformation

Agricultural landscape transformation has profound impacts on regional sustainable development. Understanding the relationship between agricultural landscape transformation and socio-ecological system is fundamental to both social prosperity and ecological environment. Rice-crayfish field (RCF) as a unique agricultural model is widely practiced in traditional farming areas and causes significant landscape transformation. However, the RCF remains less understood and its impacts on socio-ecological systems need to be comprehensively investigated. China has a developed crayfish industry with over 90% of the world's crayfish production, which provides an interesting lens to examine the RCF-led agricultural landscape transformation. This research proposes a novel research framework to analyse the spatial dynamic of RCF and its complex impact on socio-ecological system. Using remote sensing and geospatial data analysis, this study explores the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of RCF-led landscape transformation and socio-ecological system. In addition, the impacts of RCF on socio-ecological system are examined by the Pearson correlation analysis, root mean square error and regression model. The results reveal that RCF has dramatically expanded and transformed from paddy fields. The socio-ecological system presents obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics. RCF has the potential to increase farmers' income and alleviate rural poverty, but it is not conducive to grain production and water consumption. The RCF-led agricultural landscape transformation could be a double-edged sword to socio-ecological system. To balance social and ecological systems, it is necessary to manage and design the rational development of RCF to support sustainable agricultural landscape transformation.