Evaluation of the underwater stability of encapsulated perovskite solar cells

Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation of photovoltaics, thanks to the excellent optoelectronic properties, low cost and facile fabrication. However, perovskite solar cells are still suffering from the poor stability, mainly, limited by the severe degradation after contact with water and oxygen. Hence, the encapsulation techniques are critical for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells for real-world applications. In this work, we systematically compared three encapsulation materials and fully evaluated the impact of encapsulation on the materials and device stability. We intentionally tested the encapsulated samples in accelerated aging conditions, such as immersing them in boiling water. These accelerated stressing can effectively distinguish the encapsulation quality in a short period. The resulted hero devices encapsulated with optimized techniques showed significantly improved stability, suggesting great potential for real applications.