Distribution of problematic localized facial infantile haemangiomas and their response to propranolol: a retrospective cohort study

The distribution and response to propranolol of problematic facial infantile haemangiomas (IHs) has rarely been described in the literature.To map problematic facial IHs and observe their response to propranolol.Eligible patients were categorized according to focal location and cohorts corresponding to these (buccal, medial, zygomatic, lateral and multiregional) were created. The primary efficacy variable was regression score ranging from 1 to 4, calculated using results of colour Doppler ultrasonography.In total, 104 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 32 (30·8%) IHs located in the buccal area, 12 (11·5%) in the medial area, 49 (47·1%) in the lateral area and 1 (1·0%) in the zygomatic area, with 10 (9·6%) IH cases having multiregional lesions. We found that the distribution pattern of most IHs matched the surface projection of the trunk of the external carotid and the facial arteries. Further analysis showed that the median regression score in the buccal and medial groups were significantly lower than those in the lateral and multiregional groups.Treatment of buccal and medial haemangiomas tends to be more challenging and their distribution pattern mainly reflects the direction of the facial vessels.