Comprehensive risk assessment approach for storage tank facilities against hazards including fire, explosion, and earthquake

Abstract Storage tank facilities hold significant importance for the industries, economies, and environments of countries. In the past, these facilities have suffered extensive damage due to one or more accidents or natural disasters occurring simultaneously, such as earthquakes, fires, explosions, terrorist attacks, tsunamis, forest fires, or toxic gas releases. In some cases, these incidents have resulted in loss of life and injuries, while in others, they have led to substantial economic losses. Thus, providing the safety of these facilities against various incidents and disasters and conducting comprehensive risk analyses are of paramount importance. In this study, a thorough literature review on various disaster/accident impacts on storage tank facilities was conducted, and analyses were performed under fire, explosion, and earthquake scenarios. The results obtained were then used to conduct risk calculations. The risk calculations separately examined scenarios with and without the inclusion of domino effects.