Construction of high-content α-iron on zero-valent iron @ biochar composite for the ultra-efficient removal of oxytetracycline hydrochloride: A key step of ammonium bicarbonate pretreatment

零价铁 生物炭 化学 吸附 碳酸氢铵 降级(电信) 化学工程 热解炭 核化学 无机化学 热解 有机化学 计算机科学 电信 工程类 原材料
作者
Tao He,Xuemei Pan,Wenguang Zhou,Huijun Ding,Mengting Liu,Mingxue Xiang,Qian Lou,Liu Han,Yan Zhang,Yixiao Wu,Yi‐Ling Chen
出处
期刊:Separation and Purification Technology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:323: 124378-124378 被引量:8
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.seppur.2023.124378
摘要

Pyrolytic reduction as an effective method is generally employed for synthesizing zero-valent iron @ biochar composite (ZVI@BC). However, it suffers from intractable obstacles, such as poor zero-valent iron (ZVI) dispersibility and low α-iron (α-Fe0) content. Herein, we reported a possible way to target the dilemma for the first time, i.e., adding ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) pretreatment step before pyrolytic reduction. In detail, the special NH4HCO3 not only served as a precipitant to uniformly disperse ZVI over biochar by gradually releasing OH–, but also as a reductant to facilitate γ-Fe0 transforming to α-Fe0 in ZVI (∼71 %) via providing sufficient NH3. Besides, NH-ZVI@BC3/1/5 exhibited outstanding oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) removal ability (∼2869.1 mg/g), with the removal efficiency of 99.0 % at the dosage of 0.05 g/L. The removal mechanism was investigated which involved adsorption dominated by complexation, π-π electron donor acceptor interaction, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions. As well, OTC degradation was achieved by [H] and ·OH resulting from Fe-C micro-electrolysis and Fenton-like reaction during the corrosion of ZVI in ZVI@BC, respectively. In addition, four possible degradation pathways were proposed, and the contribution role in OTC removal followed the sequence: adsorption > degradation involved with [H] > degradation involved with ·OH. Moreover, N-ZVI@Biochar3/1/5 exhibited easy separability, excellent reusability, and well practical applicability. Overall, this work not only opens a new avenue for the fabrication of ZVI@BC with high ZVI dispersibility and content of α-Fe0, but also shed light on the environmental remediation of antibiotics.
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