Configurations of bioelectrochemical reactor for environmental remediation: A review

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are interdisciplinary and cutting-edge technologies that have received increasing attention in environmental remediation due to their excellent performance in both oxidation and reduction reactions. To improve the effectiveness of contaminant treatment or realize large-scale applications, various BES-based systems have been constructed according to repair requirements. This review summarizes the characteristics of BES configurations in wastewater treatment, soil remediation, waste gas purification, desalination, environmental monitoring, and other solar-assisted systems. Nearly 100 reactors were evaluated objectively from design concepts to working principles. In addition, typical liter-scale and pilot-scale BESs are discussed to determine the limited factors in further utilization. This review will be expected to guide the design of BESs and to promote the development of its practical large-scale applications in various environmental remediation processes.