Role of electrochemical nanobiosensors in colorectal cancer precision medicine

Precision medicine has potentialized with cutting-edge analytical tools based on electrochemical nanobiosensors as an emerging strategy to personalize diagnosing and treating complex diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). These nanobiosensors are robust enough solutions that provide rapid and specific readouts for detecting molecular fingerprints, thereby driving personalized healthcare. Improvements in stability, sensitivity, multiplexing, digitalization, automatic data analysis, and the incorporation of low-cost (nano)materials with simple fabrication methods are crucial for introducing these devices into the market. They offer versatile miniaturization and integration into portable point-of-care diagnostic devices, redefining the analytical landscape. This review discusses the principles of CRC precision medicine, exploring smart data from electrochemical nanobiosensing devices and examining their potential for integration into portable and autonomous systems, and massive diagnostic testing analyzed by big data analytics. It highlights CRC biomarkers detection at different molecular levels and disease monitoring at different stages, underlining the need to address the disease comprehensively.