Nanocomposites containing ZnO-TiO2-Chitosan and berbamine promote osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and calcium mineralization in MG63 osteoblasts

Recently, biomedical research has focused on bio-nanocomposites that are capable of regeneration of tissues, as well as treating osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma, and other diseases with therapeutic medications. A novel osteoconductive nanocomposite will be synthesized and used to enhance the mineralization of injured bone tissues, as well as their antimicrobial properties. The unique structural characteristics of ZnO-TiO2-Chitosan-berbamine nanocomposites have been described by UV-Vis, PL, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and HR-TEM experiments, while antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms has been evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. MTT assays and levels of ALP enzymes were used to test nanocomposites on osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) and to assess the osteosarcoma cell line's physical characteristics, bioactivity, and calcium deposition by staining with Alizarin Red S. In addition to showing significant Zones of Inhibition (ZOI) against bacterial and fungal strains, structural characterization revealed the antimicrobial properties of ZnO-TiO2-Chitosan-berbamine composites. According to research conducted on osteoblast-like MG-63 cells grown on ZnO-TiO2-Chitosan-berbamine composites, the composites do not cause toxicity and significantly increase osteoblast proliferation, ALP activity, calcium deposition, and bone growth, making ZnO-TiO2-Chitosan-berbamine a potential therapy for bone-related diseases. Understanding the druggable mechanism of ZnO-TiO2-Chitosan-berbamine will require further studies in the future, including in vivo testing and clinical trials.