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A green and efficient technology to recover rare earth elements from weathering crusts

风化作用 浸出(土壤学) 稀土 环境科学 尾矿 地球科学 材料科学 地质学 地球化学 土壤科学 土壤水分 冶金
作者
Gaofeng Wang,Jie Xu,Lingyu Ran,Runliang Zhu,Bowen Ling,Xiaoliang Liang,Shichang Kang,Yuanyuan Wang,Jingming Wei,Lingya Ma,Yan-feng Zhuang,Jianxi Zhu,Hongping He
出处
期刊:Nature sustainability [Springer Nature]
卷期号:6 (1): 81-92 被引量:75
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41893-022-00989-3
摘要

Heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) such as Gd–Lu, Sc and Y are irreplaceable metals for a number of critical (including clean) technologies, but they are scarce. Ion-adsorption deposits, which form within weathering crusts, supply more than 95% of the global HREE demand. However, these deposits are currently mined via ammonium-salt-based leaching techniques that are responsible for severe environmental damage and show low recovery efficiency. As a result, the adoption of such techniques is restricted for REE mining, further exacerbating REE scarcity, which in turn could lead to supply chain disruptions. Here we report the design of an innovative REE mining technique, electrokinetic mining (EKM), which enables green, efficient and selective recovery of REEs from weathering crusts. Its feasibility is demonstrated via bench-scale, scaled-up and on-site field experiments. Compared with conventional techniques, EKM achieves ~2.6 times higher recovery efficiency, an ~80% decrease in leaching agent usage and a ~70% reduction in metallic impurities in the obtained REEs. As an additional benefit, the results point to an autonomous purification mechanism for REE enrichment, wherein the separation process is based on the mobility and reactivity diversity between REEs and metallic impurities. Overall, the evidence presented suggests that EKM is a viable mining technique, revealing new paths for the sustainable harvesting of natural resources. Heavy rare earth elements are critical for modern technological applications, including renewable energy technologies, but their extraction can have disastrous environmental impacts. Employing electrokinetic mining techniques can increase recovery efficiency while reducing harmful environmental consequences.
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