[Progress on abnormal development of cloned pigs generated by somatic cell transfer nuclear].

Cloning, also known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), is an asexual reproduction technique that reprograms differentiated cells to the totipotent state, and generates offspring with a genotype identical to the donor cells. Pig cloning technique holds great promise for propagating excellent breeding boars, generating genetically modified pigs, protecting rare and endangered pigs and studying the mechanisms of somatic cell nucleus reprogramming. However, cloned pigs suffer from various developmental defects, including low birth rate, low birth weight, and high stillbirth occurrence, neonatal mortality and congenital malformations, which severely hamper their applications. Errors in epigenetic reprogramming of donor nucleus are considered as the main causes of low cloning efficiency and abnormal embryonic development in cloned embryos and animals. However, most studies to correct the errors in epigenetic reprogramming of cloned pig embryos have not substantially improved the birth and survival rates of cloned pigs. In this review, we summarize the abnormal phenotypes, causes of abnormal development of cloned pigs and effective methods for improving pig cloning efficiency, thereby providing a reference for the future research to improve the development and survival rates of cloned pig embryos and cloned pigs.克隆又称体细胞核移植(somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT),是一种将已分化的细胞重编程恢复全能性而生产与供体细胞基因型完全相同后代的无性繁殖技术。猪的克隆技术具有重要的应用价值,包括扩繁优良种猪、制备基因修饰猪、保护珍贵和濒危猪种以及研究猪体细胞重编程机制。然而,克隆猪存在出生率和初生重低以及死胎率、新生期死亡率和畸形率高等问题,这些都严重影响了克隆猪的应用前景。供体核的表观重编程错误被认为是克隆效率低和胚胎发育异常的主要原因,但是目前大多数研究通过修正表观重编程错误并没有大幅度提高克隆猪的出生率和健康率。本文综述了克隆猪的异常表型、发育异常的原因以及提高猪克隆效率的有效方法,以期为提高克隆猪的成活率提供参考。.