Ten-Membered Rings or Larger With One or More Nitrogen and Oxygen and/or Sulfur Atoms

Numerous crown ethers and their analogs have been reported since Pedersen first reported the crown ether. Macrocycles consisting of 10-membered rings or larger including diverse donors such as O, N, and/or S are still studied for supramolecules with structural diversity and physicochemical properties. From this point of view, this chapter is divided into five sections focusing on the properties of the compounds as well as the synthesis of macrocycles: (1) preparation of macrocycles, (2) macrocycles as molecular receptors for complexation, recognition, and sensing, (3) interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes, (4) calixarenes and porphyrins containing crown ethers, (5) conjugated macrocycles.