Analysis of the therapeutic effects of hysteroscopic polypectomy with and without doxycycline treatment on chronic endometritis with endometrial polyps

Abstract Problem We aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of hysteroscopic polypectomy with and without doxycycline treatment on chronic endometritis (CE) with endometrial polyps. Method of study: Design A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 267 infertile patients, of whom 243 were recruited, who underwent hysteroscopic polypectomy between March 2019 and March 2020. During surgery, the endometrial specimens for the immunohistochemistry analysis of the plasma cell marker CD138 and for the intrauterine bacterial culture were obtained to diagnose CE, and the prevalence of CE was analyzed. Of the 222 women who were diagnosed with CE after polypectomy, we treated 62 women with doxycycline (antibiotic group) and did not provide antibiotics in 160 women (non‐antibiotic group). Results Most of the infertile patients with endometrial polyps had CE (92.6%). The recovery rate from CE by hysteroscopic polypectomy was significantly higher in the non‐antibiotic group than in the antibiotic group (88.8% and 58.1%, respectively, p < 0.0001). The duration of recovery from CE in the non‐antibiotic group was shorter than that in the antibiotic group (42.6 ± 41.0 and 56.5 ± 32.3 days, respectively, p < 0.0001). The clinical pregnancy rate within 6 months in non‐antibiotic group was higher than that in the antibiotic group (63.2% and 43.8%, respectively, p = 0.034). Conclusion Endometrial polyps are significantly associated with CE. Most CE patients with endometrial polyps had been cured by polypectomy without doxycycline. Inappropriate antibiotic therapy may delay recovery from CE and decrease the efficacy of polypectomy on CE and pregnancy rates.