Developments in diagnostic applications of saliva in human organ diseases

Saliva is one of the important body fluids that reflects normal internal characteristics and disease state of an individual. As a multi-composition oral fluid, has high potential for the surveillance of general health and disease, which contains various disease signal biomarkers and is non-invasive, convenient, fast and easy to be accepted by patients. At present, saliva is increasingly used as a biological fluid for diagnosis, monitoring systemic disease states and predicting disease progression, which has been verified. In this review, the molecular compositions and effectiveness of saliva as reliable biological fluid were discussed. Besides the latest research progress in the diagnosis of saliva related to 14 organs were reviewed. The factors affecting saliva diagnosis were discussed. The method to improve the accuracy of prediction through artificial intelligence combined with microfluidic chip was proposed, which laid the foundation for dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related diseases through saliva with great and long-term significance.