Instrumental assessment of the formation of the elemental composition of wines with various bentonite clays

The work is devoted to the study of the influence of clarification and stabilization of wines with bentonite clays (BT) on their elemental composition, which determines their varietal differences. Raw wine samples produced from grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Moldova in the Krasnodar Territory were clarified and stabilized with 32 BT samples of various degrees of dispersion and trademarks. The ICP-OES and ICP-MS methods were used to quantify 39 elements in 96 treated and 3 untreated wine samples, as well as BT samples. To establish possible mechanisms of metal exchange in the studied samples, a qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of the components was carried out, according to which BT were divided into four groups. The wine samples treated with BT of various groups had a different chemical composition, which differed from the initial ones in the concentration of almost all the determined elements. At the stabilization and clarification stages of wines with BT samples, a violation of the relationship between the elemental composition of wine, grapes and soil was observed. It was noted that when identifying marker elements determining the varietal affiliation of wine, it is necessary to take into account the contribution of BT to the formation of its elemental composition. Considering the contents of 16 isolated metals in the treated wine samples, the presence of cluster structures was established by the discriminant analysis and principal component analysis, indicating the preservation of intervarietal differences and intravarietal similarity after treatment with BT. BT did not change the varietal identity of wines, but influenced their elemental composition.