内科学
内分泌学
胰岛素抵抗
骨骼肌
脂质代谢
胰岛素
胰岛素受体
2型糖尿病
葡萄糖摄取
碳水化合物代谢
生物
糖尿病
化学
医学
作者
Michael P. Corcoran,Stefania Lamon‐Fava,Roger A. Fielding
标识
DOI:10.1093/ajcn/85.3.662
摘要
Mounting evidence indicates that elevated intramyocellular triacylglycerol concentrations are associated with diminished insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. This lipid accumulation is most likely due to enhanced fatty acid uptake into the muscle coupled with diminished mitochondrial lipid oxidation. The excess fatty acids are esterified and either stored or metabolized to various molecules that may participate or interfere with normal cellular signaling, particularly insulin-mediated signal transduction, thus altering cellular and, subsequently, whole-body glucose metabolism. Impaired insulin responsiveness, if not managed, can further progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus, an all too common condition. For most of the human population this is avoidable, given that causes of intramyocellular lipid deposition are predominantly lifestyle-mediated. Chronic overconsumption of calories coupled with deleterious intakes of saturated or trans-unsaturated fatty acids inconsistent with the recommendations outlined in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans have been shown to increase the risk of insulin resistance. Furthermore, lack of exercise, which can have a profound effect on skeletal muscle lipid turnover, is implicated in this lipid-induced insulin resistance. This review summarizes the current understanding of the effects of elevated intramyocellular lipids on insulin signaling and how these effects may be altered by varying dietary fat composition and exercise.
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