活性氧
谷胱甘肽还原酶
化学
生物化学
超氧化物歧化酶
过氧化物酶
抗坏血酸
过氧化氢酶
抗氧化剂
脂质过氧化
谷胱甘肽
超氧化物
氧化应激
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶
酶
食品科学
作者
Krishna Kumar Choudhary,Nivedita Chaudhary,Shashi Bhushan Agrawal,Madhoolika Agrawal
标识
DOI:10.1002/9781119324928.ch5
摘要
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive molecules formed during the normal metabolism of plants such as superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen. They function as important signalling molecules in the regulation of several plant processes like growth, development and physiology. Excessive formation of ROS in plants has been reported under various biotic and abiotic stresses causing lipid peroxidation, disturbance in various biotic process, alterations in genetic material and degradation of proteins. Higher generation of ROS causes oxidative stress depending upon quenching of the plants. For efficient scavenging of ROS, plants are well equipped with several enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, guaiacol peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase etc.) and nonenzymatic (ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenols, carotenoids, β-carotene, proline and ά-tocopherols etc.) antioxidants. In the present chapter, generation of ROS under various stresses, production sites of ROS in plants, damaging effects as well as their role as a signalling molecule and their scavenging in plants through various mechanisms will be discussed.
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