Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis and Mental Health

肠道菌群 肠-脑轴 医学 失调 神经科学 精神疾病 神经影像学 心理健康 心理学 精神科 免疫学
作者
Timothy G. Dinan,John F. Cryan
出处
期刊:Psychosomatic Medicine [Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]
卷期号:79 (8): 920-926 被引量:284
标识
DOI:10.1097/psy.0000000000000519
摘要

ABSTRACT Objective The brain-gut-microbiota axis has been put forward as a new paradigm in neuroscience, which may be of relevance to mental illness. The mechanisms of signal transmission in the brain-gut-microbiota axis are complex and involve bidirectional communications that enable gut microbes to communicate with the brain and the brain to communicate with the microbes. This review assesses the potential usefulness and limitations of the paradigm. Methods A selective literature review was conducted to evaluate the current knowledge in clinical and preclinical brain-gut-microbiota interactions as related to psychiatric disorders. Results Most published studies in the field are preclinical, and there is so far a lack of clinical studies. Preliminary studies in psychiatric populations support the view of a dysbiosis in some conditions, but studies are often small scale and marred by potential confounding variables. Preclinical studies support the view that psychobiotics (“bacteria which when ingested in adequate amounts have a positive mental health benefit”) might be of use in treating some patients with mental health difficulties. To date, we have no well-conducted studies in clinical populations, although there are some studies in healthy volunteers. A cocktail of probiotics has been shown to alter brain activity as monitored by functional magnetic resonance imaging, and Bifidobacterium longum was reported to alter brain electrical activity. Conclusions It has yet to be convincingly demonstrated that the exciting findings of psychobiotic efficacy demonstrated in preclinical models of psychiatric illness will translate to patients.
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