Hydrogen Sulfide: An Emerging Precision Strategy for Gas Therapy

Abstract Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the rapid development of stimuli‐responsive therapeutic nanomaterials for precision gas therapy. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a significant gaseous signaling molecule with intrinsic biochemical properties, which exerts its various physiological effects under both normal and pathological conditions. Various nanomaterials with H 2 S‐responsive properties, as new‐generation therapeutic agents, are explored to guide therapeutic behaviors in biological milieu. The cross disciplinary of H 2 S is an emerging scientific hotspot that studies the chemical properties, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic effects of H 2 S. This review summarizes the state‐of‐art research on H 2 S‐related nanomedicines. In particular, recent advances in H 2 S therapeutics for cancer, such as H 2 S‐mediated gas therapy and H 2 S‐related synergistic therapies (combined with chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and chemodynamic therapy) are highlighted. Versatile imaging techniques for real‐time monitoring H 2 S during biological diagnosis are reviewed. Finally, the biosafety issues, current challenges, and potential possibilities in the evolution of H 2 S‐based therapy that facilitate clinical translation to patients are discussed.