A sustainable waterborne vanillin–eugenol–acrylate miniemulsion with suitable antibacterial properties as a substitute for the styrene–acrylate emulsion

Sustainable monomers DV and DE were employed as substitutes for styrene and a petroleum-based crosslinker respectively to copolymerize with BA to afford a waterborne P(DV–BA–DE) miniemulsion, which is an ideal antibacterial coating for leather.