A review of the interaction between diet composition and gut microbiota and its impact on associated disease

Dietary intake has an impact on the development of gut microbiota. Humans require carbohydrates, protein, fat, and other nutrients on a daily basis to provide energy for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues. These nutrition-induced changes in gut microbiota may be used to alter host physiology, including disease development and progression, such as obesity and diabetes. More research is needed to fully understand how diet influences microbiota and how microbiota influence host health. The pathways of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, as well as their interactions and regulatory mechanisms, are described in this review, as well as how diet shapes the microbiota, how dietary-microbiome crosstalk may affect disease development and progression, and how this information could be used to maintain intestinal health.