Light management in perovskite solar cells

The optical properties of each component in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) affect their light-harvesting capability and thus the photocurrent generation and ultimate efficiency of the device. As the power conversion efficiency of PSCs approaches an achievable practical limit, light-management strategies have gained significant attention. In this review, comprehensive analyses of the optical losses of PSCs were conducted in comparison with those of other types of photovoltaics. Based on these results, past and recent progress in various light management technologies for realizing optical improvements were reviewed. Anti-reflection coatings, up and down conversions, plasmonic phenomena, and device structure adjustment have been used to ensure the effectiveness and potential of PSCs for optimum device operation. Finally, future perspectives are discussed to propose research directions for effective optical management.