Empowering TiO2–coated PVDF membranes stability with polyaniline and polydopamine for synergistic separation and photocatalytic enhancement in dye wastewater purification

Photocatalytic membranes are effective in removing organic dyes, but their low UV resistance poses a challenge. To address this, self-protected photocatalytic PVDF membranes were developed using polyaniline (PANI) and polydopamine (PDA), whaich are anti-oxidation polymers, as interlayers between the membrane and TiO