Study on the elimination characteristics of smoke particles with different materials using electric agglomeration technology

Fire smoke, consisting of solid particles and liquid droplets, poses risks of asphyxiation, poisoning, making it a significant contributor to fire-related fatalities and environmental pollution. The exploration of effective smoke control methods represents a vital approach to reducing the threat of fire smoke to public health and safety. This study aims to determine the characteristics of elimination for the fire smoke generated from burning four typical materials, thereby validating the universality of electric agglomeration smoke elimination technology. The results indicate that the elimination efficiency of electric agglomeration varies with the material type of the smoke. The rate of change in smoke transmittance from fast to slow is: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), wood, and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), respectively. With an external potential of 4 kV, PVC smoke reaches the safe threshold after 12.1 s, while SBR smoke achieves it in just 4.9 s. Analysis of the microscopic morphology of agglomerates with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that particle size distribution is an important factor affecting electric agglomeration elimination. This is because larger initial particles carry a greater charge, enabling the formation of larger agglomerates for more efficient removal. This study provides theoretical guidance for the practical application of electric agglomeration in eliminating smoke particles.