Recent advances of various Pt-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)

Platinum (Pt)-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to their high performance towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, high Pt loadings and insufficient durability continue to hinder the achievement of economic targets for transportation sector. Therefore, it is necessary to fundamentally understand the relationship between structure, activity, and durability for Pt-based catalysts under different operating conditions. In the last few years, various atomic arrangements of Pt-based catalyst materials have been further developed. In this short-review, we will discuss the recent progress and perspectives of Pt-based nanomaterials ranging from disordered and ordered alloys followed by core-shell, Pt-skin, shape-controlled arrangements for nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires, nanoframes and finally to high entropy alloys (HEA).