Blood Purification Membranes Used in Liquid–Liquid Environments

Currently, the majority of blood purification membranes, including those applied in hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and plasma separation, are used in liquid–liquid environments, where both sides of the membrane contact liquid. This type of membrane material has strict requirements regarding permselectivity function, antifouling performance, and blood compatibility (especially anticoagulant properties). In this chapter, first the materials used for this type of blood purification membrane are introduced briefly, then the fouling of membranes and relevant improvement strategies are discussed. Subsequently, membrane materials used in the fields of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, and plasmapheresis are described, including the structural characteristics, membrane materials, separation effects, and evaluation indices.