Recent trends in biosurfactant surfactant mixing and self-assembly

The increasing trend towards low Greenhouse gas emissions, sustainable sourcing and waste minimisation has led to a large number of new surface-active species being made available whose unique sourcing and physical properties render them important aids towards achieving nett zero carbon in Home and Personal Care formulations. The X-ray and neutron small angle scattering techniques together with cryo-TEM and molecular modelling are important tools for the characterisation of their self-assembled microstructures in aqueous solution. In this Chapter, some of the recent studies of mixtures of a selection of novel biosurfactants, sophorolipids, rhamnolipids and triterpenoid saponins, with other commonplace anionic and nonionic surfactants are presented and discussed.