An artificial intelligence framework for predicting fire spread sustainability in semiarid shrublands

Background Fire behaviour simulation and prediction play a key role in supporting wildfire management and suppression activities. Aims Using machine-learning methods, the aim of this study was to predict the onset of fire propagation (go vs no-go) and type of fire behaviour (surface vs crown fire) in southern Australian semiarid shrublands. Methods Several machine-learning (ML) approaches were tested, including Support Vector Machine, Multinomial Naive Bayes and Multilayered Neural Networks, as was the use of augmented datasets developed with Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) in classification of fire type. Key results Support Vector Machine was determined as the optimum machine learning classifier based on model overall accuracy against an independent evaluation dataset. This classifier correctly predicted fire spread sustainability and active crown fire propagation in 70 and 79% of the cases, respectively. The application of synthetically generated datasets in the Support Vector Machine model fitting process resulted in an improvement of model accuracy by 20% for the fire sustainability classification and 4% for the crown fire occurrence. Conclusions The selected ML modelling approach was shown to produce better results than logistic regression models when tested on independent datasets. Implications Artificial intelligence frameworks have a role in the development of predictive models of fire behaviour.