Micromobility systems and disease transmission: a spatially explicit agent-based approach

We propose a novel micro-level and spatially explicit agent-based modeling framework dubbed TranEpiSim to model the spread of infectious diseases through micromobility systems and a baseline population in an urban area. A case study is conducted on the Chicago City public bikesharing system to demonstrate the ability of the model to isolate the role of transportation as a vector and assess the efficacy of the model. Results show that the emergence of viral disease through micromobility transportation is possible, but the overall impact of the system on the disease dynamics in a worst-case scenario, especially with the current size of the system, is rather small. The proposed model offers a comprehensive approach to estimate the impact of micromobility (and more generally, specific transportation modes) on disease spread by considering infections that occur both at destinations and in/on transportation vehicles and infrastructure. The spatial pattern for the risk of exposure shows a higher risk in the central business district and north of it, where most of the shared bike transportation occurs. Because of its intrinsic features, the proposed framework is uniquely placed to assess the efficacy of interventions and make trade-offs between competing scenarios when dealing with epidemics.