Pregnancy and obstetric outcomes after fertility-sparing management of endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia: a multicentre cohort study

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What are the pregnancy and obstetric outcomes in women with atypical hyperplasia (AH) or early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) managed conservatively for fertility preservation? SUMMARY ANSWER The study found a live birth rate of 62% in patients with AH or EC after conservative treatment, with higher level of labour induction, caesarean section, and post-partum haemorrhage. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Fertility-sparing treatment is a viable option for women with AH or EC during childbearing years, but the outcomes of such treatments, especially regarding pregnancy and obstetrics, need further exploration. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This retrospective cohort study analysed data from January 2010 to October 2022, involving 269 patients from the French national register of patients with fertility-sparing management of AH/EC. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women above 18 years of age, previously diagnosed with AH/EC, and approved for fertility preservation were included. Patients were excluded if they were registered before 2010, if their treatment began <6 months before the study, or if no medical record on the pregnancy was available. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 95 pregnancies in 67 women were observed. Pregnancy was achieved using ART in 63 cases (66%) and the live birth rate was 62%, with early and late pregnancy loss at 26% and 5%, respectively. In the 59 cases resulting in a live birth, a full-term delivery occurred in 90% of cases; 36% of cases required labour induction and 39% of cases required a caesarean section. The most common maternal complications included gestational diabetes (17%) and post-partum haemorrhaging (20%). The average (±SD) birthweight was 3110 ± 736 g; there were no significant foetal malformations in the sample. No significant difference was found in pregnancy or obstetric outcomes between ART-obtained and spontaneous pregnancies. However, the incidence of induction of labour, caesarean section, and post-partum haemorrhage appears higher than in the general population. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The retrospective nature of the study may introduce bias, and the sample size might be insufficient for assessing rare obstetric complications. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study offers valuable insights for healthcare providers to guide patients who received fertility-sparing treatments for AH/EC. These pregnancies can be successful and with an acceptable live birth rate, but they seem to be managed with caution, leading to possible tendency for more caesarean sections and labour inductions. No increase in adverse obstetric outcomes was observed, with the exception of suspicion of a higher risk of post-partum haemorrhaging, to be confirmed. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No funding was received for this study. There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.