Overview of magnetic resonance lymphography for imaging lymphoedema

Lymphoedema is a chronic and debilitating condition commonly caused by cancer therapies, including lymph node dissection and radiotherapy in developed countries. A range of imaging modalities is used to view the lymphatic system for proper diagnosis, staging, and management of lymphoedema. Lymphoscintigraphy is the current gold standard imaging modality of the lymphatic system. However, magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) is showing potential benefits in lymphoedema assessment and surgical planning. A literature review was compiled from published articles, incorporating their background literature, research outcomes, and recommendations to review the technique, application, and limitations of MRL. MRL is minimally invasive with no ionizing radiation, providing both functional and anatomical details of the lymphatic system with a higher spatial resolution than conventional lymphoscintigraphy. It shows promising results in the staging, surgical work-up, and surveillance for individuals with both primary and secondary lymphoedema.