催化作用
质子交换膜燃料电池
材料科学
铂金
化学
化学气相沉积
基质(水族馆)
氢
氧气
无机化学
纳米技术
有机化学
海洋学
地质学
作者
Li Jiao,Jingkun Li,Lynne K. LaRochelle,Qiang Sun,Thomas Stracensky,Ershuai Liu,Moulay Tahar Sougrati,Zipeng Zhao,Jian Xie,Sichen Zhong,Hui Xu,Sanjeev Mukerjee,Yu Huang,David A. Cullen,Jae Hyung Park,Magali Ferrandon,Deborah J. Myers,Frédéric Jaouen,Qingying Jia
出处
期刊:Nature Materials
[Springer Nature]
日期:2021-06-10
卷期号:20 (10): 1385-1391
被引量:462
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41563-021-01030-2
摘要
Replacing scarce and expensive platinum (Pt) with metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells has largely been impeded by the low oxygen reduction reaction activity of M-N-C due to low active site density and site utilization. Herein, we overcome these limits by implementing chemical vapour deposition to synthesize Fe-N-C by flowing iron chloride vapour over a Zn-N-C substrate at 750 °C, leading to high-temperature trans-metalation of Zn-N4 sites into Fe-N4 sites. Characterization by multiple techniques shows that all Fe-N4 sites formed via this approach are gas-phase and electrochemically accessible. As a result, the Fe-N-C catalyst has an active site density of 1.92 × 1020 sites per gram with 100% site utilization. This catalyst delivers an unprecedented oxygen reduction reaction activity of 33 mA cm-2 at 0.90 V (iR-corrected; i, current; R, resistance) in a H2-O2 proton exchange membrane fuel cell at 1.0 bar and 80 °C.
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