探测器
放大器
物理
动态范围
电容器
电容
噪音(视频)
相关双抽样
电荷放大器
光电子学
差分放大器
电子工程
电气工程
CMOS芯片
光学
计算机科学
工程类
电压
量子力学
图像(数学)
人工智能
电极
作者
Yong Won Song,Jace Rozsa,Joan Barros de Magalhaes,Scott C. Smith,Benjamin Karlinsey,Whitney Kinnison,Elaura Gustafson,Daniel E. Austin,Aaron R. Hawkins,Shiuh‐hua Wood Chiang
出处
期刊:IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]
日期:2020-12-01
卷期号:69 (12): 9398-9407
被引量:6
标识
DOI:10.1109/tim.2020.3003109
摘要
We describe a charge detector that utilizes a highgain, differential solid-state amplifier with active reset and a novel technique to measure the gain using a custom optoelectronic system. Implemented in a 180-nm complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor (CMOS) process, the amplifier realizes a high gain of 8.9 μV/e- and single-pass rms noise of 475e- for 10-ms time interval with a 300-kHz low-pass filter corner. Operating at a sampling frequency of 10 kHz, the active reset extends the dynamic range of the detector. The amplifier is the first instance of a charge detector that combines a differential topology, active reset, and small feedback capacitors for lownoise, high-gain, high-dynamic-range, and robust operations. The proposed optoelectronic test system injects an adjustable input photocurrent as low as 33 pA to precisely quantify the detector's gain without the need for a known calibration capacitance. The amplifier is directly wire-bonded to a PCB that has a built-in 1-cm 2 Faraday cup. The gain and noise performance have been characterized for a range of input capacitance, and the results show good agreement with simulations. The test system additionally demonstrates the ability to inject a time-varying input at the picoamphere levels to characterize the dynamic response of the detector. An electrospray system confirms that the detector responds to free-space charge and that it can process an input as large as 56 000e - without saturation. The compact and high sensitivity design qualify the device for use in charge detection applications, such as mass spectrometry and space instruments.
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