Advances in research on the mechanism of canonical Wnt signaling in bone remodeling

Bone remodeling is a dynamic process that is regulated by two opposite processes: osteogenesis and osteolysis. A large number of scholars have studied and confirmed that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in bone remodeling, which directly regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and directly or indirectly regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts. This review focused on how the canonical Wnt signaling pathway mediates osteogenesis and osteolysis and related key molecules. On the other hand, this review also discussed how mechanical stress activates the canonical Wnt pathway and mediates bone remodeling under physiological conditions, and progresses in simulation of mechanical stress of cells in vivo. Key words: Bone remodeling; Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts