Tunable Enzymatic Activity and Enhanced Stability of Cellulase Immobilized in Biohybrid Nanogels

纳米凝胶 化学 纤维素酶 乙二醇 分散性 聚合 共聚物 两亲性 链式转移 化学工程 高分子化学 聚合物 有机化学 组合化学 纤维素 自由基聚合 药物输送 工程类
作者
Huan Peng,Kristin Rübsam,Felix Jakob,Ulrich Schwaneberg,Andrij Pich
出处
期刊:Biomacromolecules [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:17 (11): 3619-3631 被引量:51
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01119
摘要

This paper reports a facile approach for encapsulation of enzymes in nanogels. Our approach is based on the use of reactive copolymers able to get conjugated with enzyme and build 3D colloidal networks or biohybrid nanogels. In a systematic study, we address the following question: how the chemical structure of nanogel network influences the biocatalytic activity of entrapped enzyme? The developed method allows precise control of the enzyme activity and improvement of enzyme resistance against harsh store conditions, chaotropic agents, and organic solvents. The nanogels were constructed via direct chemical cross-linking of water-soluble reactive copolymers poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-N-methacryloxysuccinimide) with proteins such as enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and cellulase in water-in-oil emulsion. The water-soluble reactive copolymers with controlled amount of reactive succinimide groups and narrow dispersity were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Poly(ethylene glycol) bis(3-aminopropyl) and branched polyethylenimine were utilized as model cross-linkers to optimize synthesis of nanogels with different architectures in the preliminary experiments. Biofluorescent nanogels with different loading amount of EGFP and varying cross-linking densities were obtained. We demonstrate that the biocatalytic activity of cellulase-conjugated nanogels (CNG) can be elegantly tuned by control of their cross-linking degrees. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra demonstrated that the secondary structures of the immobilized cellulase were changed in the aspect of α-helix contents. The secondary structures of cellulase in highly cross-linked nanogels were strongly altered compared with loosely cross-linked nanogels. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based study further revealed that nanogels with lower cross-linking degree enable higher substrate transport rate, providing easier access to the active site of the enzyme. The biohybrid nanogels demonstrated significantly improved stability in preserving enzymatic activity compared with free cellulase. The functional biohybrid nanogels with tunable enzymatic activity and improved stability are promising candidates for applications in biocatalysis, biomass conversion, or energy utilization fields.
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