破伤风
破伤风梭菌
医学
抗毒素
重症监护医学
接种疫苗
机械通风
疾病
抗生素
破伤风抗毒素
麻醉
儿科
免疫学
内科学
毒素
微生物学
生物
作者
Lam Minh Yen,Louise Thwaites
出处
期刊:The Lancet
[Elsevier]
日期:2019-04-01
卷期号:393 (10181): 1657-1668
被引量:179
标识
DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33131-3
摘要
Tetanus is a vaccine-preventable disease that still commonly occurs in many low-income and middle-income countries, although it is rare in high-income countries. The disease is caused by the toxin of the bacterium Clostridium tetani and is characterised by muscle spasms and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Global vaccination initiatives have had considerable success but they continue to face many challenges. Treatment for tetanus aims to control spasms and reduce cardiovascular instability, and consists of wound debridement, antitoxin, antibiotics, and supportive care. Recent research has focused on intravenous magnesium sulphate and intrathecal antitoxin administration as methods of spasm control that can avoid the need for ventilatory support. Nevertheless, without access to mechanical ventilation, mortality from tetanus remains high. Even with such care, patients require several weeks of hospitalisation and are vulnerable to secondary problems, such as hospital-acquired infections.
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