Studies on the Batch Adsorption of Plasmid DNA onto Anion-Exchange Chromatographic Supports

The adsorption of a supercoiled 4.8 kbp plasmid onto quaternary ammonium anion-exchangers was studied in a finite bath. Equilibrium experiments were performed with pure plasmid, at 25 °C, using commercial Q-Sepharose matrices differing in particle diameter (High Performance, 34 μm; Fast Flow, 90 μm; and Big Beads, 200 μm) and a recently commercialized ion-exchanger, Streamline QXL (dp = 200 μm) at different salt concentrations (0.5, 0.7, and 1 M NaCl). Plasmid adsorption was found to follow second-order kinetics (Langmuir isotherm) with average association constants KA = 0.32 ± 0.12 mL μg−1 and KA = 0.25 ± 0.15 mL μg−1 at 0.5 and 0.7 M NaCl, respectively. The maximum binding capacities were not dependent on the ionic strength in the range 0.5−0.7 M but decreased with increasing particle diameter, suggesting that adsorption mainly occurs at the surface of the particles. No adsorption was found at 1 M NaCl. A nonporous model was applied to describe the uptake rate of plasmid onto Streamline QXL at 0.5 M NaCl. The overall process rate was controlled by mass transfer in the regions of low relative amounts of adsorbent (initial stages) and kinetically controlled in the later stages of the process for high relative amounts of adsorbent. The forward reaction rate constant (k1 = 0.09 ± 0.01 mL mg−1 s−1) and film mass transfer coefficient (Kf = (6 ± 2) × 10−4 cm s−1) were calculated. Simulations were performed to study the effect of the relative amount of adsorbent on the overall process rate, yield, and media capacity utilization.