An overview of recent developments of the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers is presented in this paper. The polymers or reactive monomers that are inherently flamed retarding contain P, Si, B, N and other miscellaneous elements. They can be used on their own or added to current bulk commercial polymers to enhance flame retardancy. The synthetic chemistry of these molecules is discussed along with their thermal stabilities and flame-retardant properties.