After the PBDE Phase-Out: A Broad Suite of Flame Retardants in Repeat House Dust Samples from California

环境化学 危险废物 环境科学 化学 废物管理 工程类
作者
Robin E. Dodson,Laura J. Perovich,Adrian Covaci,Nele Van den Eede,Alin C. Ionas,Alin C. Dirtu,Julia Green Brody,Ruthann A. Rudel
出处
期刊:Environmental Science & Technology [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:46 (24): 13056-13066 被引量:494
标识
DOI:10.1021/es303879n
摘要

Higher house dust levels of PBDE flame retardants (FRs) have been reported in California than other parts of the world, due to the state's furniture flammability standard. However, changing levels of these and other FRs have not been evaluated following the 2004 U.S. phase-out of PentaBDE and OctaBDE. We analyzed dust collected in 16 California homes in 2006 and again in 2011 for 62 FRs and organohalogens, which represents the broadest investigation of FRs in homes. Fifty-five compounds were detected in at least one sample; 41 in at least 50% of samples. Concentrations of chlorinated OPFRs, including two (TCEP and TDCIPP) listed as carcinogens under California's Proposition 65, were found up to 0.01% in dust, higher than previously reported in the U.S. In 75% of the homes, we detected TDBPP, or brominated "Tris," which was banned in children's sleepwear because of carcinogenicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on TDBPP in house dust. Concentrations of Firemaster 550 components (EH-TBB, BEH-TEBP, and TPHP) were higher in 2011 than 2006, consistent with its use as a PentaBDE replacement. Results highlight the evolving nature of FR exposures and suggest that manufacturers continue to use hazardous chemicals and replace chemicals of concern with chemicals with uncharacterized toxicity.
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