Field solution and characteristics of cladding modes of optical fibers

In this article, we give out the formulations of the fields in a three-layer fiber. For a typical step-index single-mode fiber, we calculate propagation constants and mode field profiles of the cladding modes in it. Results show that the hybrid cladding modes, whose azimuthal quantum number is not zero, can also be rigorously divided into HE and EH modes. Comparison with the results of the two-layer geometry approximation indicates that when solving the cladding modes in a fiber the simplified model is unsuitable.