Highly Efficient Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nonlinear Optic Materials via Sol−Gel Process: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Photobleaching for Channel Waveguides

混合材料 溶胶凝胶 材料科学 单体 极化 发色团 缩聚物 光漂白 化学工程 高分子化学 聚合物 光化学 复合材料 荧光 化学 纳米技术 光学 光电子学 铁电性 物理 工程类 电介质
作者
Hwan Kyu Kim,Sujin Kang,Sam‐Kwon Choi,Yu-Hong Min,Choon Sup Yoon
出处
期刊:Chemistry of Materials [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:11 (3): 779-788 被引量:103
标识
DOI:10.1021/cm980652a
摘要

The thermally stable second-order nonlinear optic (NLO) hybrid materials were successfully prepared by a sol−gel process using dye-attached sol−gel monomers (ormosils) of difunctionalized or trifunctionalized second-order NLO chromophores attached to silicon atoms. The dye-attached sol−gel monomers were synthesized by the coupling reaction of 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane with the corresponding functionalized NLO chromophores in DMAc. The dye-attached sol−gel monomers were homopolymerized and copolymerized with TEOS by hydrolysis and polycondensation in the presence of a slight excess amount of acidified water (pH 3), yielding the hybrid precusors (or a homogeneous solution). The hybrid precursors were spin-coated on various substrates such as ITO glass and NaCl disk. Hybrid films were further polycondensed by curing at 170 °C for 3 h. The cured hybrid materials existed in monohydroxy (T2, Q3) and nonhydroxy (T3, Q4) states, indicating the formation of a highly cross-linked silicon−oxygen polymeric network. All of the cured organic/SiO2 hybrid films are transparent. The organic/SiO2 hybrid materials were quite stable at elevated temperatures above 250 °C. The hybrid films were poled by corona discharge technique or dc contact electrode. The values of electro-optic coefficient for the organic/SiO2 hybrid materials were in the range of 3.7 to 16 pm/V at the wavelength of 1.3 μm, depending on dye-attached sol−gel monomers and poling conditions. The SG-DANS (1:2:2) film shows excellent temporal stability. The r33 signal remained at 80% of its initial value after heating even at 150 °C for 3 h. Also, the second-order nonlinear optical coefficient d31 of 72 pm/V for the SG-DANS (1:2:0) hybrid film measured by the Maker fringe technique was obtained. The refractive index was decreased after photobleaching. Using the hybrid film, a single-mode channel waveguide was also fabricated by the photobleaching method. The mode pattern confirmed that a channel waveguide was single-mode, and the optical propagation loss was measured to be less than 1 dB/cm.
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