横贯性脊髓炎
医学
视神经脊髓炎
视神经炎
多发性硬化
磁共振成像
光学相干层析成像
神经组阅片室
病理
放射科
视神经
神经学
眼科
免疫学
精神科
作者
Ting‐Yi Lin,Claudia Chien,Angelo Lu,Friedemann Paul,Hanna Zimmermann
标识
DOI:10.1080/14737175.2021.1982697
摘要
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD) comprise two groups of rare neuroinflammatory diseases that cause attack-related damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical attacks are often characterized by optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and to a lesser extent, brainstem encephalitis/area postrema syndrome. Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive technique that allows for in vivo thickness quantification of the retinal layers. Apart from OCT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an increasingly important role in NMOSD and MOGAD diagnosis based on the current international diagnostic criteria. Retinal OCT and brain/spinal cord/optic nerve MRI can help to distinguish NMOSD and MOGAD from other neuroinflammatory diseases, particularly from multiple sclerosis, and to monitor disease-associated CNS-damage.This article summarizes the current status of imaging research in NMOSD and MOGAD, and reviews the clinical relevance of OCT, MRI and other relevant imaging techniques for differential diagnosis, screening and monitoring of the disease course.Retinal OCT and MRI can visualize and quantify CNS damage in vivo, improving our understanding of NMOSD and MOGAD pathology. Further efforts on the standardization of these imaging techniques are essential for implementation into clinical practice and as outcome parameters in clinical trials.
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