Some Scaffolds as Anti-leishmanial Agents: A Review

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious neglected tropical disease transmitted to humans by the parasites of Leishmania species. Mainly, three types of leishmaniases are usually observed: visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. In many western countries, almost 700,000 to 1 million people suffer from leishmaniasis, and it is estimated that around 26000 to 65000 deaths occur from leishmaniasis. Few drugs are available for its treatment; however, none of them are ideal for leishmaniasis due to long treatment, discomfort mode of administration, risk of high-level toxicity, high resistance, etc. Hence, so many patients are unable to take complete treatment due to the high drug resistance. The present review will focus on antileishmanial activity of reported derivatives of betacarboline, chalcone, azole, quinoline, quinazoline, benzimidazole, benzadiazapine, thiaazoles, semicarbazone, and hydontoin analogues. We believe that this present study will be helpful for researchers to design new antileishmanial agents.