Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1, a.k.a. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1: Past and Future Perspectives

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) is the most studied vaginal probiotic strain for women's health. The strain has been shown to have potential for additional applications such as allergies, gut-associated complications, cardiovascular health, detoxification, and for the health of bees. Companies making claims of benefits from their products for women's health need to provide evidence that their strains possess mechanisms and clinical efficacy. It cannot be assumed that a strain from the same species acts the way LGR-1 functions. The high demand for evidence-based probiotic strains for maintaining human health, as well as for animal health and environmental wellbeing, requires diligent research. The genus name of LGR-1 has been updated due to the taxonomic changes of the genus Lactobacillus. This may lead to interim confusion for healthcare professions and consumers who are trying to match studies with strain designations. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) (previously classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1) is the most researched probiotic strain for women's health. Its various urogenital health effects, including a reduction in the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and urinary-tract infection, are well documented. The strain has also been safely used by HIV-positive subjects, a portion of whom have reported reduced diarrhea and increased CD4 counts. Unlike most probiotic strains used for urogenital health, LGR-1 has been extensively studied for its properties, including its genomic and metabolic traits and its surface properties. This review aims to highlight the totality of research performed with LGR-1, to act as a rigorous scientific benchmark for probiotic microbes, especially for application to women's health. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1) (previously classified as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1) is the most researched probiotic strain for women's health. Its various urogenital health effects, including a reduction in the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and urinary-tract infection, are well documented. The strain has also been safely used by HIV-positive subjects, a portion of whom have reported reduced diarrhea and increased CD4 counts. Unlike most probiotic strains used for urogenital health, LGR-1 has been extensively studied for its properties, including its genomic and metabolic traits and its surface properties. This review aims to highlight the totality of research performed with LGR-1, to act as a rigorous scientific benchmark for probiotic microbes, especially for application to women's health. refers to a clinical standard for diagnosing BV. At least three of following symptoms needs to be present: pH ≥4.5, positive whiff test, grayish-white homogeneous discharge and the presence of clue cells. refers to a branch of biotechnology that uses living organisms, such as microorganisms, in the removal of contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil, water, and other environments. refers to carbohydrate-based polymers found in all living organisms – plants, animals, and microorganisms. They are essential biomolecules involved in cell structures, energy storage, and system regulatory purposes. carbohydrate-binding proteins which are highly specific for the sugar moieties that they recognize. Lectins have an important role in biological recognition, enabling protein–sugar interactions and protein–protein interactions, thereby mediating cell–cell, bacteria–cell, and bacteria–bacteria contacts. microorganism-associated molecular patterns are general structural patterns exhibited by microorganisms. MAMPS play an essential role in microbe–host interaction. the collection of all microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa) from a particular environment niche. Gram stain scoring system for vaginal swabs to diagnose bacterial vaginosis. The scores are: (i) 0–3 negative for BV; (ii) 4–6 indeterminate for bacterial vaginosis; (iii) 7+ indicative of BV. proteins expressed by immune cells. They are involved in the recognition of microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), allowing for quick responses when invading microorganisms are detected. live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.