A New Approach for Position Based Routing Protocols Based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Technique in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET)

VANET is a new technology used for vehicular communication which aims to provide safe and secure traffic system. There are various challenges/ difficulties in VANET such as dynamic network topology, highly mobile nodes, infrastructure less network etc. which deteriorates the performance of it. Routing is a main task in any communication. Thus, numerous routing protocols have been developed which helps to improve the performance of VANET. Among these all, the position based routing protocols are reliable for many applications. Also, nowadays optimization techniques are widely used to increase the efficiency of routing protocols. In this paper implementation of a position based routing protocols like Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) and Connectivity Aware Routing (CAR) is discussed. Swarm intelligence based technique which is used for optimization is ACO i.e. Ant Colony optimization. The simulation of CAR and GPSR protocols has been done with and without optimization. The performances of CAR and GPSR are evaluated and compared in terms of average packet delivery ratio, end to end delay, throughput, routing overhead, packet loss etc.. All the simulation has been done in Network Simulator 2. Results shows that ACO technique improves the performance of GPSR and CAR protocols in VANET. Also, CAR protocol shows promising results as compared to GPSR protocol.