Stilbenoids: chemistry, occurrence, bioavailability and health effects—a review

Stilbenoids are synthesized by plants in response to external stimuli such as infection and UV-irradiation, thus known as phytoalexins. Stilbenoids include resveratrol, piceid, piceatannol, pterostilbene, astringin, and viniferin and have been of interest due to their myriad of health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-diabetic effects. Despite their numerous health effects, the bioavailability of stilbenoids is poor. However, the existing literature on this subject is fragmented and thus collective effort is needed to better understand their role before and after consumption. Therefore, this contribution provides an overview of the synthesis, occurrence, bioavailability and health benefit of stilbenoids.