Machine Learning Enabled Al2O3Ceramic Based Dual Band Frequency Reconfigurable Dielectric Antenna for Wireless Application

A ceramic ( Al ₂ O ₃ ) material based dual-band high-tuning range frequency reconfigurable dielectric antenna for wireless applications with Machine Learning (ML) algorithm is presented in this article. The proposed antenna is a hybrid structure in which the antenna radiator is designed with a Dielectric Resonator (DR) (Alumina ( Al₂ O ₃ ) ceramic material with a relative dielectric constant (∈ _r )=9.8. The presented work offers dual-band, compactness, and frequency reconfigurability (FR).FR is obtained through two PIN diode switches, operating in ON-ON, ON-OFF, OFF-ON and OFF-OFF configurations. It offers a total spectrum and a maximum wide tuning range of 71.49 % and 44.44 %, respectively. Dual-band is generated through the excitation of HEM _11δ , and HEM _12δ mode in cylindrical Dielectric Resonator (CDR). In contrast, compactness is obtained through the higher-order mode excitation and hybrid structure. The proposed antenna is designed on the ANSYS HFSS software and optimized through various ML algorithms such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree (DT), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Random Forest (RF). In all configurations, KNN achieved more than 99 % accuracy for the prediction of reflection coefficient ( s ₁₁ ). The proposed antenna is used for WiMAX, WLAN, and 5G wireless applications.